Princeton University Art Museum

Lords of the Five Souls

According to a Spanish guide to the symbols of Nahua gods, the yellow face band and the white hand painted across his mouth signified one of five gods called the Maquiltonaleque or "Lords of the Five Souls." The Maquiltonaleque were believed to live in the fifth of thirteen heavens.

The Maquiltonaleque appear in a Pre-Colombian screenfold book called Codex Borgia as the spirit guides of Nahua palace diviners who used the book to foretell future events, diagnose disease, control weather, determine royal marriages, and predict the best times for making war.
Image of a terra cotta pot.
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A procession of the five Maquiltonaleque depicted in the Borgia Codex 47-48.
Image of a terra cotta pot.
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A yellow band framed the eyes and a white hand was painted over the mouth.
Maquiltonal
(Maa-quill-toe-nahl)

Maquilli = Five

Tonalli = Soul
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