Lords of the Five Souls
According to a Spanish guide to the symbols of Nahua
gods, the yellow face band and the white hand painted
across his mouth signified one of five gods called the
Maquiltonaleque or "Lords of the Five Souls." The
Maquiltonaleque were believed to live in the fifth
of thirteen heavens.
The Maquiltonaleque appear in a Pre-Colombian screenfold
book called
Codex Borgia as the
spirit guides of Nahua palace diviners who used the book
to foretell future events, diagnose disease, control
weather, determine royal marriages, and predict the best
times for making war.
A procession of the five Maquiltonaleque depicted in the Borgia Codex 47-48.